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Lynn S. Fuchs; Douglas Fuchs; Eunsoo Cho; Marcia A. Barnes; Tuire Koponen; Daniel R. Espinas – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2025
The purpose of this analysis was to describe cognitive processes associated with comorbid difficulty between word reading (WR) and mathematics computation (MC) at the start of first grade among children selected for WR and MC delays. A sample of 234 U.S. children (mean age 6.50 years, SD = 0.31) was assessed on WR, MC, core cognitive processes…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Mathematics Skills, Comorbidity, Reading Difficulties
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Peterson, Robin L.; Boada, Richard; McGrath, Lauren M.; Willcutt, Erik G.; Olson, Richard K.; Pennington, Bruce F. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2017
The current study tested a multiple-cognitive predictor model of word reading, math ability, and attention in a community-based sample of twins ages 8 to 16 years (N = 636). The objective was to identify cognitive predictors unique to each skill domain as well as cognitive predictors shared among skills that could help explain their overlap and…
Descriptors: Twins, Children, Adolescents, Predictor Variables
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Cirino, Paul T.; Fuchs, Lynn S.; Elias, John T.; Powell, Sarah R.; Schumacher, Robin F. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2015
The purpose of this study was to compare subgroups of students with various forms of learning difficulties (< 25th percentile) on cognitive and mathematics characteristics. Students with mathematics difficulty (MD, n = 105), reading difficulty (RD, n = 65), both (MDRD, n = 87), or neither (NoLD, n = 403) were evaluated on an array of cognitive…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Student Characteristics, Cognitive Ability, Mathematics Skills
Mellard, Daryl F.; Woods, Kari L.; Md Desa, Z. Deana; Vuyk, M. Alexandra – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2015
This exploratory study identified underlying skill and ability differences among subgroups of adolescent and young adult struggling readers (N = 290) overall and in relation to a fluency-based instructional grouping method. We used principal axis factoring of participants' scores on 18 measures of reading-related skills and abilities identified in…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Adolescents, Young Adults, Reading Skills
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Etmanskie, Jill M.; Partanen, Marita; Siegel, Linda S. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2016
There are some children who encounter unexpected reading difficulties in the fourth grade. This phenomenon has been described as late emerging reading disabilities (LERD). Using Grade 4 as a starting point, this study examined the reading development of 964 children between kindergarten and Grade 7. The results showed that 72.0% of children had…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Reading Difficulties, Elementary School Students, Reading Comprehension
Swanson, H. Lee; Orosco, Michael J.; Kudo, Milagros – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2017
This cohort-sequential study explored the components of working memory (WM) that underlie second language (L2) reading growth in 450 children at risk and not at risk for reading disabilities (RD) whose first language is Spanish. English language learners designated as balanced and nonbalanced bilinguals with and without risk for RD in Grades 1, 2,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Bilingualism, Reading Difficulties, Spanish Speaking
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Martin, Rebecca B.; Cirino, Paul T.; Barnes, Marcia A.; Ewing-Cobbs, Linda; Fuchs, Lynn S.; Stuebing, Karla K.; Fletcher, Jack M. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2013
The present study evaluated the stability of math learning difficulties over a 2-year period and investigated several factors that might influence this stability (categorical vs. continuous change, liberal vs. conservative cut point, broad vs. specific math assessment); the prediction of math performance over time and by performance level was also…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics Skills, Learning Problems, Longitudinal Studies