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Vella, Lydia; Ring, Howard A.; Aitken, Mike R. F.; Watson, Peter C.; Presland, Alexander; Clare, Isabel C. H. – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2018
Autobiographical accounts and a limited research literature suggest that adults with autism spectrum disorders can experience difficulties with decision-making. We examined whether some of the difficulties they describe correspond to quantifiable differences in decision-making when compared to adults in the general population. The participants (38…
Descriptors: Decision Making Skills, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Adults
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Hochstein, Lara; Bale, Alan; Barner, David – Language Learning and Development, 2018
We investigated "scalar implicature" in adolescents and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to test whether theory of mind deficits associated with autism affect pragmatic inferences in language. We tested scalar implicature computation in adolescents with ASD (12-18 years) and asked whether they reason about mental states when…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Adolescents, Language Usage
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Almy, Brandon; Kuskowski, Michael; Malone, Stephen M.; Myers, Evan; Luciana, Monica – Developmental Psychology, 2018
Many researchers have used the standard Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to assess decision-making in adolescence given increased risk-taking during this developmental period. Most studies are cross-sectional and do not observe behavioral trajectories over time, limiting interpretation. This longitudinal study investigated healthy adolescents' and young…
Descriptors: Longitudinal Studies, Decision Making, Task Analysis, Risk
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Cohen-Gilbert, Julia E.; Stein, Elena R.; Gunnar, Megan R.; Thomas, Kathleen M. – Journal of Early Adolescence, 2018
This study investigated whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype moderated inhibitory control during an emotionally valenced task in a sample of internationally adopted adolescents (N = 109, ages 12-13 years) who spent their early years in institutional care. Participants were genotyped for the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF…
Descriptors: Stress Variables, Genetics, Inhibition, Task Analysis
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Moore, David J.; Reidy, John; Heavey, Lisa – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2016
A study is reported which tests the proposition that faces capture the attention of those with autism spectrum disorders less than a typical population. A visual search task based on the Face-in-the-Crowd paradigm was used to examine the attentional allocation of autism spectrum disorder adults for faces. Participants were required to search for…
Descriptors: Autism, Nonverbal Ability, Adults, Task Analysis
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Gökçen, Elif; Frederickson, Norah; Petrides, K. V. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2016
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by profound difficulties in empathic processing and executive control. Whilst the links between these processes have been frequently investigated in populations with autism, few studies have examined them at the subclinical level. In addition, the contribution of alexithymia, a trait characterised by…
Descriptors: Theory of Mind, Executive Function, Autism, Severe Disabilities
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Nash, Hannah M.; Gooch, Debbie; Hulme, Charles; Mahajan, Yatin; McArthur, Genevieve; Steinmetzger, Kurt; Snowling, Margaret J. – Developmental Science, 2017
The "automatic letter-sound integration hypothesis" (Blomert, [Blomert, L., 2011]) proposes that dyslexia results from a failure to fully integrate letters and speech sounds into automated audio-visual objects. We tested this hypothesis in a sample of English-speaking children with dyslexic difficulties (N = 13) and samples of…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Control Groups, Diagnostic Tests
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Green, Adam E.; Kenworthy, Lauren; Gallagher, Natalie M.; Antezana, Ligia; Mosner, Maya G.; Krieg, Samantha; Dudley, Katherina; Ratto, Allison; Yerys, Benjamin E. – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2017
Analogical reasoning is an important mechanism for social cognition in typically developing children, and recent evidence suggests that some forms of analogical reasoning may be preserved in autism spectrum disorder. An unanswered question is whether children with autism spectrum disorder can apply analogical reasoning to social information. In…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Abstract Reasoning, Comparative Analysis
Peng, Peng; Fuchs, Douglas – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2017
Researchers are increasingly interested in working memory (WM) training. However, it is unclear whether it strengthens comprehension in young children who are at risk for learning difficulties. We conducted a modest study of whether the training of verbal WM would improve verbal WM and passage listening comprehension and whether training effects…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Short Term Memory, Training, Learning Strategies
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Roebuck, Hettie; Freigang, Claudia; Barry, Johanna G. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2016
Purpose: Continuous performance tasks (CPTs) are used to measure individual differences in sustained attention. Many different stimuli have been used as response targets without consideration of their impact on task performance. Here, we compared CPT performance in typically developing adults and children to assess the role of stimulus processing…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Task Analysis, Adults, Children
Steen-Baker, Allison A.; Ng, Shukhan; Payne, Brennan R.; Anderson, Carolyn J.; Federmeier, Kara D.; Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth A. L. – Grantee Submission, 2017
The facilitation of word processing by sentence context reflects the interaction between the build-up of message-level semantics and lexical processing. Yet, little is known about how this effect varies through adulthood as a function of reading skill. In this study, Participants 18-64 years old with a range of literacy competence read simple…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Language Processing, Literacy, Age Differences
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Schwaighofer, Matthias; Fischer, Frank; Bühner, Markus – Educational Psychologist, 2015
A meta-analysis was undertaken to reexamine near- and far-transfer effects following working-memory training and to consider potential moderators more systematically. Forty-seven studies with 65 group comparisons were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed near-transfer effects to short-term and working-memory skills that were sustained at…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Meta Analysis, Transfer of Training, Task Analysis