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Poch, Apryl L.; Lembke, Erica S. – International Journal for Research in Learning Disabilities, 2017
According to the Simple View of Writing, four primary skills are necessary for successful writing (Berninger & Amtmann, 2003; Berninger & Winn, 2006). Transcription skills (e.g., handwriting, spelling) represent lower-order cognitive tasks, whereas text generation skills (e.g., ideation, translation) represent higher-order…
Descriptors: Writing Skills, Executive Function, Short Term Memory, Factor Analysis
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Kim, Young-Suk Grace; Gatlin, Brandy; Al Otaiba, Stephanie; Wanzek, Jeanne – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2018
We discuss a component-based, developmental view of text writing fluency, which we tested using data from children in Grades 2 and 3. "Text writing fluency" was defined as efficiency and automaticity in writing connected texts, which acts as a mediator between text generation (oral language), transcription skills, and writing quality. We…
Descriptors: Grade 2, Grade 3, Elementary School Students, Case Studies
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Clarke, Paula J.; Paul, Shirley-Anne S.; Smith, Glynnis; Snowling, Margaret J.; Hulme, Charles – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2017
This study evaluated two 20-week reading interventions for pupils entering secondary school with reading difficulties. The interventions were delivered by trained teaching assistants (three 35-min sessions per week). 287 pupils (ages 11-13) from 27 schools were randomly allocated to three groups: reading intervention (targeting word recognition…
Descriptors: Transitional Programs, Reading Instruction, Secondary School Students, Intervention