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Download full textMatsuoka, Ryoji – Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook, 2014
Japanese compulsory education had been praised because of its equality around the early 80s. However, since the third wave-educational reform that began in the 1980s and still persists, it has been pointed out that there are disparities between schools in terms of students' socioeconomic background and academic performance. Although there have…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Compulsory Education, Educational Change, Socioeconomic Background
