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Wang, Wen-Chung; Chen, Hui-Fang; Jin, Kuan-Yu – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
Many scales contain both positively and negatively worded items. Reverse recoding of negatively worded items might not be enough for them to function as positively worded items do. In this study, we commented on the drawbacks of existing approaches to wording effect in mixed-format scales and used bi-factor item response theory (IRT) models to…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Format, Language Usage, Test Items
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Platas, Linda M.; Ketterlin-Geller, Leanne R.; Sitabkhan, Yasmin – International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 2016
This paper describes the development and intended uses of the Early Grades Mathematics Assessment (EGMA), which measures essential early mathematical knowledge and skills that are foundational to more sophisticated mathematical abilities, predictive of later achievement, and teachable. Administering the EGMA can provide policy makers,…
Descriptors: Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Skills