Publication Date
| In 2026 | 0 |
| Since 2025 | 0 |
| Since 2022 (last 5 years) | 0 |
| Since 2017 (last 10 years) | 0 |
| Since 2007 (last 20 years) | 1 |
Descriptor
| Beliefs | 1 |
| Computation | 1 |
| Computer Software | 1 |
| Foreign Countries | 1 |
| Grade 8 | 1 |
| International Programs | 1 |
| Item Response Theory | 1 |
| Language Usage | 1 |
| Mathematics | 1 |
| Reading Attitudes | 1 |
| Scientific Attitudes | 1 |
| More ▼ | |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 1 |
| Reports - Research | 1 |
Education Level
| Elementary Education | 1 |
| Grade 8 | 1 |
| Junior High Schools | 1 |
| Middle Schools | 1 |
| Secondary Education | 1 |
Audience
Location
| Hong Kong | 1 |
| United States | 1 |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
| Program for International… | 1 |
| Trends in International… | 1 |
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewed
Direct linkWang, Wen-Chung; Chen, Hui-Fang; Jin, Kuan-Yu – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
Many scales contain both positively and negatively worded items. Reverse recoding of negatively worded items might not be enough for them to function as positively worded items do. In this study, we commented on the drawbacks of existing approaches to wording effect in mixed-format scales and used bi-factor item response theory (IRT) models to…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Format, Language Usage, Test Items
