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Papageorgiou, Spiros; Davis, Larry; Norris, John M.; Garcia Gomez, Pablo; Manna, Venessa F.; Monfils, Lora – Educational Testing Service, 2021
The "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test is a new English language proficiency test in the "TOEFL"® family of assessments. It measures foundational language skills and communication abilities in academic and general (daily life) contexts. The test covers the four language skills of reading, listening, writing, and speaking and is intended…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency
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Chen, Qinghua; Lin, Angel M. Y. – Pedagogies: An International Journal, 2022
Translanguaging and trans-semiotizing research has problematized the static view of language and argued that meaning making is a dynamic, material, social, and historical process across multiple timescales in complex eco-social systems. The second author proposed the concept of trans-semiotizing as an alternative lens to study language teaching…
Descriptors: Semiotics, Code Switching (Language), Language Usage, Video Technology