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Download full textBiber, Douglas; Gray, Bethany – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
One of the major innovations of the "TOEFL iBT"® test is the incorporation of integrated tasks complementing the independent tasks to which examinees respond. In addition, examinees must produce discourse in both modes (speech and writing). The validity argument for the TOEFL iBT includes the claim that examinees vary their discourse in…
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Tests
