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Davis, Larry; Norris, John – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
The elicited imitation task (EIT), in which language learners listen to a series of spoken sentences and repeat each one verbatim, is a commonly used measure of language proficiency in second language acquisition research. The "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test includes an EIT as a holistic measure of speaking proficiency, referred to as the…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Language Proficiency, Speech Communication, Language Tests
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Moradi, Sholeh; Ghahari, Shima; Abbas Nejad, Mohammad – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2020
Cognitive organizers (COs) are text aids which represent objects, concepts, and their relations by the use of symbols and spatial arrangements without adding to semantic content. The present study examines language learners' text comprehension through outlines, a popular CO, compared with text-only condition, and further investigates the effect of…
Descriptors: Multiple Intelligences, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
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Crossley, Scott; Kyle, Kristopher; Salsbury, Thomas – Modern Language Journal, 2016
This study investigates relations between second language (L2) lexical input and output in terms of word information properties (i.e., lexical salience; Ellis, 2006a). The data for this study come from a longitudinal corpus of naturalistic spoken data between L2 learners and first language (L1) interlocutors collected over a year's time. The…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Language Research, Second Language Learning, Computational Linguistics
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Khatib, Mohammad; Safari, Mahmood – English Language Teaching, 2013
The present study investigated the effect of input enhancement on the acquisition of English politeness strategies by intermediate EFL learners. Two groups of freshman English majors were randomly assigned to the experimental (enhanced input) group and the control (mere exposure) group. Initially, a TOEFL test and a discourse completion test (DCT)…
Descriptors: Linguistic Input, Pragmatics, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning