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Test Takers' Writing Activities during the "TOEFL iBT"® Writing Tasks: A Stimulated Recall Study. "TOEFL iBT"® Research Report. TOEFL iBT-25. ETS Research Report No. RR-15-04

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Barkaoui, Khaled – ETS Research Report Series, 2015

This study aimed to describe the writing activities that test takers engage in when responding to the writing tasks in the "TOEFL iBT"[superscript R] test and to examine the effects of task type and test-taker English language proficiency (ELP) and keyboarding skills on the frequency and distribution of these activities. Each of 22 test…

Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Writing Instruction

Q-Matrix Construction: Defining the Link between Constructs and Test Items in Large-Scale Reading and Listening Comprehension Assessments

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Sawaki, Yasuyo; Kim, Hae-Jin; Gentile, Claudia – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2009

In cognitive diagnosis a Q-matrix (Tatsuoka, 1983, 1990), which is an incidence matrix that defines the relationships between test items and constructs of interest, has great impact on the nature of performance feedback that can be provided to score users. The purpose of the present study was to identify meaningful skill coding categories that…

Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Test Items, Test Content, Identification