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Direct linkXun Yan; Yulin Pan – Language Learning, 2025
Current L2 utterance fluency literature tends to operationalize disfluency as isolated, individual features. However, disfluency features often co-occur at one location or across multiple locations in one utterance. This study explores the co-occurrence of L2 disfluency features in a speech corpus from 71 L1 and L2 speakers of English across…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Fluency, Language Proficiency, Oral Language
Raymond Yasuda – Language Teaching Research, 2025
This study investigated the effect of consistent freewriting practice on written fluency development. Thirty-nine first-year university students completed 70 10-minute freewriting activities over the course of an academic semester. Written fluency, measured as words produced per minute (wpm), increased from a mean of 19.5 wpm to 30.1 wpm over a…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Essays, English (Second Language), Language Tests
