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Xia, Jiangang; O'Shea, Cailen – Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2023
In the literature, studies examined either distributed leadership's (DL), or principal instructional leadership's (PIL) effect on student learning. However, few studies examined the relationship between DL and PIL, and it is unknown to what extent DL supports PIL. We explored this gap by examining both principals' and teachers' perception data of…
Descriptors: Power Structure, Participative Decision Making, Principals, Instructional Leadership
Ólafsson, Ragnar F.; Hansen, Börkur – Education Sciences, 2022
The purpose of this paper is to explore the authority basis of compulsory school principals in Iceland by making a general comparison to the other participating countries in the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018, as well as by using Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. The study utilizes data from principals in 48 of…
Descriptors: Principals, Administrator Role, Cross Cultural Studies, Power Structure

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