The relationship between field independence, intelligence, and social class was investigated in a group of 150 kindergarten, second, and third grade children. The effect of social class upon field independence was also studied after controlling for intelligence. The Portable Rod and Frame Test was administered ten times using instructions…

Three measures of field dependence were used to determine whether: (1) Mexican American students are more field dependent than Anglo Americans; (2) intercorrelations between the tests are significant and comparable for both cultures; and (3) field dependence significantly affects academic performance. These assumptions were generally not…

The rod and frame performance of 70 children, 5 to 7 years of age, with respect to sex and age differences, reliability, and its relationship to general intelligence, was investigated. The rod and frame test was administered individually and again following a period of 35 to 69 days, at which time the Lorge Thorndike Intelligence Test, form 1A,…