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Direct linkCreed, Peter A.; Conlon, Elizabeth G.; Dhaliwal, Kamal – Journal of Career Assessment, 2013
We used two studies to evaluate, modify, and provide initial validation for a revised Academic Hardiness scale. First, 16 experts rated scale items for content validity and identified two problematic questions. Second, confirmatory factor analyses with 300 Grade 10 students (46% boys, age range 14-17) identified a 17-item version to be the best…
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals), Test Validity, Content Validity, Factor Analysis
