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Ellis, Derek M.; Robison, Matthew K.; Brewer, Gene A. – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
Individuals encounter problems daily wherein varying numbers of constraints require delimitation of memory to target goal-satisfying information. Multiply-constrained problems, such as the compound remote associates, are commonly used to study this type of problem solving. Since their development, multiply-constrained problems have been…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Problem Solving, Short Term Memory, Attention Control
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Jonsson, Bert; Wiklund-Hörnqvist, Carola; Stenlund, Tova; Andersson, Micael; Nyberg, Lars – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
The testing effect, defined as the positive effect of "retrieval practice" (i.e., self-testing) on long-term memory retention relative to other ways to support learning, is a robust empirical phenomenon. Despite substantial scientific evidence for the testing effect, less is known about its effectiveness in relation to individual…
Descriptors: Testing, Cognitive Ability, Individual Differences, Secondary School Students