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Hooper, Martin – ProQuest LLC, 2017
TIMSS and PIRLS assess representative samples of students at regular intervals, measuring trends in student achievement and student contexts for learning. Because individual students are not tracked over time, analysis of international large-scale assessment data is usually conducted cross-sectionally. Gustafsson (2007) proposed examining the data…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Elementary Secondary Education, International Assessment
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Warner-Griffin, Catharine; Liu, Huili; Tadler, Chrystine; Herget, Debbie; Dalton, Ben – National Center for Education Statistics, 2017
The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) is an international assessment of student performance in reading literacy at the fourth grade. PIRLS measures students in the fourth year of formal schooling because this is typically when students' learning transitions from a focus on "learning to read" to a focus on…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests, Grade 4, International Assessment