This study explores the factors influencing mathematics performance, teacher satisfaction, and school environment across six economies using data from PISA 2022. Employing hierarchical linear modeling, the research examines individual and institutional variables at the student, teacher, and school levels. Key findings reveal significant differences in mathematical performance between high- and low-performing economies, with factors such as socio-economic status, cognitive activation, and teacher support playing critical roles. Additionally, teacher satisfaction is strongly linked to classroom climate and professional alignment with teaching goals. The analysis highlights how systemic and cultural factors influence outcomes, offering policy insights to improve global mathematics education.