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Direct linkCarnoy, Martin; Khavenson, Tatiana; Loyalka, Prashant; Schmidt, William H.; Zakharov, Andrey – American Educational Research Journal, 2016
International assessments, such as the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), are being used to recommend educational policies to improve student achievement. This study shows that the cross-sectional estimates behind such recommendations may be biased. We use a unique data set from one country that applied the PISA mathematics test…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Outcomes of Education, Longitudinal Studies, Achievement Tests
