The OECD's PISA program assesses 15-year-old students globally in key competencies every 3 years, providing influential data on education quality and spurring policy debates. In the latest cycle, the innovation domain focused on creative thinking, assessing over 140,000 students across 60+ countries, in the largest study of adolescent creativity…

Examining cognitive dynamics in the creative process is crucial for advancing creative theories and creativity education but has been historically understudied due to the technical challenges in collecting fine-grained data underlying cognitive processes. The PISA 2022 Creative Thinking assessment has the potential to address this limitation by…