Researchers have conducted numerous studies on the positive effects of intrinsic motivation to learn mathematics and the negative impact of mathematics anxiety on students' performance in mathematics literacy. The study examined how the introduction of cognitive activation in mathematics lessons, a mediator variable, would alter these effects…

Research on predictors of achievement in science is often targeted on more traditional content-based assessments and single student characteristics. At the same time, the development of skills in the field of scientific inquiry constitutes a focal point of interest for science education. Against this background, the purpose of this study was to…