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Direct linkJonathan A. Downey – ProQuest LLC, 2023
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a key covariate in analyses by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). In its technical documentation, PISA offers evidence for the Economic, Social, and Cultural Status instrument (ESCS) as a valid measure of SES. This dissertation, however, offers both conceptual and empirical arguments that ESCS…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests, International Assessment
