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Direct linkRicardo Colaço; Pedro Freitas; Luis Catela Nunes; Ana Balcão Reis – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
We analyse the PISA-reported convergence in the performance of private and public schools in Portugal. When PISA sampling weights are used, the number of students enrolled in those types of schools and specific grades/tracks of study differs significantly from official population figures. To account for those differences, we apply a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests, International Assessment, Secondary School Students
Robitzsch, Alexander; Lüdtke, Oliver – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2023
One major aim of international large-scale assessments (ILSA) like PISA is to monitor changes in student performance over time. To accomplish this task, a set of common items (i.e., link items) is repeatedly administered in each assessment. Linking methods based on item response theory (IRT) models are used to align the results from the different…
Descriptors: Educational Trends, Trend Analysis, International Assessment, Achievement Tests
