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Direct linkWise, Steven L.; Soland,, James; Bo, Yuanchao – International Journal of Testing, 2020
Disengaged test taking tends to be most prevalent with low-stakes tests. This has led to questions about the validity of aggregated scores from large-scale international assessments such as PISA and TIMSS, as previous research has found a meaningful correlation between the mean engagement and mean performance of countries. The current study, using…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, International Assessment, Achievement Tests, Secondary School Students
