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Direct linkRobitzsch, Alexander; Lüdtke, Oliver – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2023
One major aim of international large-scale assessments (ILSA) like PISA is to monitor changes in student performance over time. To accomplish this task, a set of common items (i.e., link items) is repeatedly administered in each assessment. Linking methods based on item response theory (IRT) models are used to align the results from the different…
Descriptors: Educational Trends, Trend Analysis, International Assessment, Achievement Tests
