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Direct linkZhou, Hao; Ma, Xin – Sociological Methods & Research, 2023
Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) is often used to estimate the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on academic achievement at different levels of an educational system. However, if a prior academic achievement measure is missing in a HLM model, biased estimates may occur on the effects of student SES and school SES. Phantom effects describe…
Descriptors: Simulation, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Socioeconomic Status, Institutional Characteristics
Osborne, Michael C.; Ma, Xin – Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College, 2020
Using the nationally representative sample from the United States in the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (N = 7,429 students from 240 schools), the present study examined the effects of student help-seeking behaviors on eight measures of student mathematics achievement. To account for the multilevel structure of the data with…
Descriptors: Help Seeking, Mathematics Achievement, Student Characteristics, International Assessment
Grabau, Larry J.; Ma, Xin – International Journal of Science Education, 2017
Using data from the 2006 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), we explored nine aspects of science engagement (science self-efficacy, science self-concept, enjoyment of science, general interest in learning science, instrumental motivation for science, future-oriented science motivation, general value of science, personal value of…
Descriptors: Science Education, Learning Motivation, Learner Engagement, Science Achievement
Ma, Vania J.; Ma, Xin – International Journal of STEM Education, 2014
Background: As an effort to account for disparities in mathematics performance between American and East Asian middle school students, the present research aims to compare the relationship between learning styles (competitive and cooperative) and mathematics performance among middle school students between the USA and the three top-performing East…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Comparative Analysis, Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics Achievement
