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Direct linkBlack, P.; Wiliam, D. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2007
In recent years, a number of analyses assessments used in different countries have appeared. Analyses emerging from international comparisons such as Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have focused on what might be termed "cross-sectional" comparisons;…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Measurement, Comparative Education, Elementary Secondary Education
