Do students learn from video lessons presented by pedagogical agents of different racial and gender types equivalently to those delivered by a real human instructor? How do the race and gender of these agents impact students' learning experiences and outcomes? In this between-subject design study, college students were randomly assigned to view a…

For over 30 years, Peter MacIntyre shaped and innovated the way(s) in which second language acquisition (SLA) researchers investigate individual differences (IDs) of language learners. His work significantly contributed to the sophistication of conceptual models for learner ID variables such as willingness-to-communicate, anxiety, and enjoyment,…