This report presents a compendium of approaches to the inclusion of students with disabilities or of Limited English Proficiency (LEP) in large-scale assessments such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) or state assessment programs. Chapter 1 presents an overview and lists organizations involved in this effort. Chapters 2 and 3 summarize inclusion activities and research projects related to increasing the participation of students with disabilities or LEP, respectively, in assessments. Information on the different types of accommodations used around the nation is included. Chapter 4 presents details of the approaches and procedures implemented by NAEP in recent years, focusing on the implementation of an NAEP-like assessment in Puerto Rico in 1994, the national field test in 1995 of revised procedures, and the implementation of new inclusion and accommodation procedures in the 1996 NAEP. In Chapter 5, a listing of the status of ongoing research projects studying varying aspects of the use of new procedures for NAEP is included, with a discussion of yet-to-be-resolved technical issues and future directions for NAEP and large-scale assessments in general. Appendices list acronyms, define key terms, and identify further resources. (Contains 112 references.) (DB)