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Direct linkOckey, Gary J. – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2007
When testing English language learners (ELLs) in subject matter areas, construct irrelevant variance could result from English, the language in which the test is presented. Differential item functioning (DIF) techniques have been used to determine if items are operating differently for population subgroups and might therefore be appropriate for…
Descriptors: Test Bias, Validity, Word Problems (Mathematics), Mathematics Tests
