Publication Date
| In 2026 | 0 |
| Since 2025 | 0 |
| Since 2022 (last 5 years) | 0 |
| Since 2017 (last 10 years) | 0 |
| Since 2007 (last 20 years) | 1 |
Descriptor
Author
| Arnold, Carolyn L. | 1 |
| Gotwals, Amelia Wenk | 1 |
| Hokayem, Hayat | 1 |
| Kaufman, Phillip D. | 1 |
| Song, Tian | 1 |
| Songer, Nancy Butler | 1 |
Publication Type
| Reports - Research | 2 |
| Journal Articles | 1 |
| Numerical/Quantitative Data | 1 |
Education Level
| Elementary Secondary Education | 1 |
Location
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
| National Assessment of… | 2 |
| Trends in International… | 1 |
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewed
Download full textGotwals, Amelia Wenk; Hokayem, Hayat; Song, Tian; Songer, Nancy Butler – Electronic Journal of Science Education, 2013
The Framework for K-12 Science Education (NRC, 2011) outlines core disciplinary ideas, scientific practices and cross-cutting ideas as dimensions on which to base science education. This study outlines the use of core ecological ideas and two scientific practices as a way to examine the cognitive complexity of released large-scale assessment items…
Descriptors: Ecology, Science Instruction, Evaluation, Difficulty Level
Arnold, Carolyn L.; Kaufman, Phillip D. – 1992
This report examines the effects of both student and school characteristics on mathematics and science achievement levels in the third, seventh, and eleventh grades using data from the 1985-86 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Analyses feature hierarchical linear models (HLM), a regression-like statistical technique that…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Cultural Differences, Elementary Secondary Education, Grade 11
