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Shores, Kenneth; Steinberg, Matthew P. – AERA Open, 2019
The Great Recession was the most severe economic downturn in the United States since the Great Depression. Using data from the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA), we describe the patterns of math and English language arts (ELA) achievement for students attending schools in communities differentially affected by recession-induced employment…
Descriptors: Economic Climate, School District Spending, Academic Achievement, Demography
Lips, Dan; Watkins, Shanea J.; Fleming, John – Heritage Foundation, 2008
Debates about how to improve public education in America often focus on whether government should spend more on education. Federal and state policymakers proposing new education programs often base their arguments on the need to provide more resources to schools to improve opportunities for students. Many Americans seem to share this view. While…
Descriptors: Expenditure per Student, Elementary Secondary Education, Academic Achievement, Educational Change
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Snyder, Thomas D.; Dillow, Sally A. – National Center for Education Statistics, 2013
The 2012 edition of the "Digest of Education Statistics" is the 48th in a series of publications initiated in 1962. The "Digest" has been issued annually except for combined editions for the years 1977-78, 1983-84, and 1985-86. Its primary purpose is to provide a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education, Adult Education
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Snyder, Thomas D.; Dillow, Sally A. – National Center for Education Statistics, 2012
The 2011 edition of the "Digest of Education Statistics" is the 47th in a series of publications initiated in 1962. The "Digest" has been issued annually except for combined editions for the years 1977-78, 1983-84, and 1985-86. Its primary purpose is to provide a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Secondary Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education