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King, Jean A.; Rohmer-Hirt, Johnna A. – New Directions for Evaluation, 2011
From the 1980s to the present, educational accountability in the United States has grown dramatically. Such accountability in U.S. school districts, although driven primarily by external demands, has internal manifestations as well. The chapter traces the historical development of internal evaluation in American school districts, then highlights…
Descriptors: Public Schools, Testing Programs, Standardized Tests, School Districts

Zirinsky, Driek – English Journal, 1987
Claims literacy expectations need to be examined and interpreted by teacher-researchers at the local level in order to make sense of National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) results, suggesting this information will provide a factual base from which to plan programs. (NH)
Descriptors: Educational Assessment, Educational Planning, Instructional Effectiveness, Literacy