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Kosko Karl W.; Singh, Rashmi – Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College, 2018
Multiplicative reasoning is a key concept in elementary school mathematics. Item statistics reported by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessment provide the best current indicator for how well elementary students across the U.S. understand this, and other concepts. However, beyond expert reviews and statistical analysis,…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 4, Numeracy, Mathematics Tests

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