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Kirbulut, Zubeyde Demet; Uzuntiryaki-Kondakci, Esen; Beeth, Michael Edward – International Journal of Science Education, 2016
This study aimed to develop the Metaconceptual Awareness and Regulation Scale (MARS) -- a self-report instrument for measuring the extent to which students realise, monitor, and evaluate their ideas. MARS consists of 10 items scored on a six-point Likert scale for two factors: metaconceptual awareness and metaconceptual regulation. A pilot study…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Test Construction, Likert Scales, Attitude Measures
Al-Harthi, Aisha S. – Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 2010
This study investigated the differences between Arab and American distance learners' preference in the 2 components of transactional distance (structure and interaction) and their relation to learners' self-efficacy and help seeking. The study sample consisted of 95 cases from each group (N = 190). Study results indicated significant differences…
Descriptors: Help Seeking, Distance Education, Self Efficacy, Arabs

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