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Long-Term Impact of L1 Reading Achievement on Later L2 Reading Achievement: The Mediating Role of L2 Aptitude and L1 Print Exposure
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Richard Sparks; Abdullah Alamer; Philip Dale – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2025
This study examined the long-term effect of L1 reading achievement on L2 reading achievement while assessing the mediating roles of L1 print exposure and L2 aptitude measured by the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT). Structural equation modeling was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of L1 reading achievement on L2 reading…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Language Aptitude
The Prediction from MLAT to L2 Achievement Is Largely Due to MLAT Assessment of Underlying L1 Abilities
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Richard L. Sparks; Philip S. Dale – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2023
Widespread use of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) in L2 studies of individual differences implicitly assumes that L2 aptitude is a distinct cognitive facet. There is considerable evidence for prediction from L1 abilities to L2 learning. In this longitudinal study, L1-MLAT-L2 relations were examined in 307 US secondary students based on…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Prediction, Longitudinal Studies
Where Does Language Aptitude Come From? Redux
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Sparks, Richard L. – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2022
This paper examines evidence for relationships among individual differences (IDs) in L1 achievement, L2 aptitude, and L2 achievement. It begins by providing an overview of my academic journey from L1 educator to L2 researcher and explains the development of the Linguistic Coding Differences Hypothesis (LCDH). Next, I review Peter Skehan's…
Descriptors: Correlation, Language Aptitude, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Relationship of L1 Skills and L2 Aptitude to L2 Anxiety on the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale
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Sparks, Richard L.; Patton, Jon – Language Learning, 2013
The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) has been challenged on the grounds that it may also assess language learning skills. In this study, 128 students who had been administered measures of first language (L1) skills in elementary school were followed from 1st to 10th grade. Fifty-three students had completed second language (L2)…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Native Language, Elementary School Students, Language Aptitude