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Direct linkRichard L. Sparks; Abdullah Alamer – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Although researchers have found strong relationships between first language (L1) skills and second language (L2) anxiety, less is known about how L1 skills in primary school impact L2 anxiety years after L1 has been acquired. Previous research lacked evidence for the mediating role of L2 aptitude and L2 achievement in the relationship. This study…
Descriptors: Language Skills, Second Language Learning, Anxiety, Elementary School Students
Richard Sparks; Abdullah Alamer; Philip Dale – Reading in a Foreign Language, 2025
This study examined the long-term effect of L1 reading achievement on L2 reading achievement while assessing the mediating roles of L1 print exposure and L2 aptitude measured by the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT). Structural equation modeling was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of L1 reading achievement on L2 reading…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Language Aptitude
