Adult learners and female students report higher levels of mathematics anxiety than their peers, suggesting that female adult learners may be particularly vulnerable. This study used Bandura's triarchic reciprocal causality model as a foundation and interviewed five highly mathematics anxious female adult learners to understand their perceptions…

Career-switchers who are returning to university for training as future elementary school teachers join an important and increasing group of adult learners of mathematics. These graduate preservice elementary teachers often place a high value on learning mathematics because of its prominent role in their prospective careers, but their learning…

A model of research design anxiety reactions, that was adapted from the work of P. B. Cemen (1987) on mathematics anxiety reactions, was tested. The sample consisted of six classes of 152 master's degree students in a graduate educational research design course. Most were full-time teachers pursuing the master's degree part-time. Students were…