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Scaling: An Items Module
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Tong, Ye; Kolen, Michael J. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2010
"Scaling" is the process of constructing a score scale that associates numbers or other ordered indicators with the performance of examinees. Scaling typically is conducted to aid users in interpreting test results. This module describes different types of raw scores and scale scores, illustrates how to incorporate various sources of…
Descriptors: Test Results, Scaling, Measures (Individuals), Raw Scores
Large Sample Estimates of the Reliability of Simple Residualized, and Base-Free Gain Scores.
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Williams, Richard H.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Education, 1987
Because of limitations in simple gain scores, pychometrists have proposed alternate methods for measuring change, two of which are residualized difference and base-free change. This paper provides large sample empirical estimates of the reliability these change measures. It checks theoretical predictions derived from inequalities involving all…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics), Measurement Techniques, Pretests Posttests
The Reliability and Validity of Writing Assessment: An Investigation of Rater, Prompt within Mode, and Prompt between Mode Sources of Error.
Cantor, Nancy K.; Hoover, H. D. – 1986
This paper isolates and examines separately three distinct sources of error in essay scores: lack of agreement between raters; inconsistencies in performance within mode of discourse, and inconsistencies in performance between modes of discourse. Essay prompts in the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) Writing Supplement were designed to assess…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Cues, Elementary Secondary Education, Error of Measurement