In general, for teachers to prepare to teach, run a class, and assess student work, they need a class with students, well-structured courses, and an assessment to measure student progress. Teachers should be prepared to use traditional and virtual settings for a successful classroom. Teachers should also use three knowledge-learning objectives,…

This paper analyzes the influence of three different learning paradigms for learning literacy--formalist, cognitive-processing, and literacy practices--on the implementation of the Common Core State Standards. It argues that the Common Core State Standards are based largely on a formalist paradigm as evident in the emphasis on teaching text…