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Masaki Goda; Shinichi Kishizawa; Yamato Hasegawa – Physical Review Physics Education Research, 2025
In this paper, we describe student understanding of the "force concept" (basic concepts of Newtonian mechanics) by representing it as a vector-valued quantity, which we refer to as the "score-state vector," in a (30-dimensional) Force Concept Inventory (FCI) score space. We use a large ensemble of FCI results collected…
Descriptors: Mechanics (Physics), Scientific Concepts, Scientific Literacy, Foreign Countries