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Trajectories of Cognitive Flexibility through Kindergarten and First Grade: Implications for Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems in the Second Grade

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Patwardhan, Irina; Gordon, Chanelle; Mason, Walter Alex – Developmental Psychology, 2023

Developmental delays in cognitive flexibility early in elementary school can potentially increase vulnerability for subsequent externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. The first goal of the current study was to identify latent subgroups of children characterized by different developmental trajectories of cognitive flexibility throughout…

Descriptors: Kindergarten, Young Children, Grade 1, Grade 2

Ethnic Disproportionality in the Identification of High-Incidence Special Educational Needs: A National Longitudinal Study Ages 5 to 11

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Strand, Steve; Lindorff, Ariel – Exceptional Children, 2021

We used pupil-level data from the National Pupil Database in England to conduct a longitudinal analysis of the identification of moderate learning difficulties (MLD) and social, emotional, and mental health difficulties (SEMH) among 550,000 pupils ages 5 to 11 years. Survival analysis was used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) for time to first…

Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Racial Differences, Ethnicity, White Students