Victimization during school years can have detrimental effects on individuals' adjustment, lasting even into adulthood. In the current study, we examine whether there is an indirect effect of victimization on adult depression and aggression, via sad and angry rumination about past victimization. Participants included 1,319 Finnish individuals…

We reviewed 19 English version scholarly works and 11 other language translation articles from 2004-2018 for the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale -- Revised (CESD-R). Alpha was 0.92 (0.90, 0.94; N = 13,150); convergent, factorial, and diagnostic validity were robust. Implications for counseling practice and research were discussed.

The use of depression scales as screening tools at university and college centers is increasing and thus, the question of whether scales are culturally valid for different student groups is increasingly more relevant with increased severity of depression for students and changing student demographics. As such, this study examined the reliability…

The adequacy of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) as screening instruments for adolescent depression is examined. Both are correlated with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, a clinical measure. BDI correlates more highly with Major Depression subscale, CES-D to Dysthymia…