Spiritual maturity is the goal of Christian formation and is frequently understood through stages of faith development. Popular stage theories often lack diverse cultural representation and alone are insufficient in promoting spiritual maturity and resilience. Integrating elements of the developmental models of Lev Vygotsky and James Marcia…

Notwithstanding its well-established role on high-demanding spatial navigation tasks during adulthood, the effect of field dependence-independence during the acquisition of spatial navigation skills is almost unknown. This study assessed for the first time the effect of field dependence-independence on topographical learning (TL) across the life…

When navigating unfamiliar social environments, it is important to identify who is powerful. Determining who has power can be challenging because observers may have limited social information, and because people achieve influence for many reasons. In experiments with 3- to 5-year-old children (n = 192) and adults (n = 32), we investigated the…

Toward advancing the understanding of relations among family relationships when children transition into adolescence, this study investigated whether parent-child relationship (PCR) quality assessed at the daily level changed developmentally and/or fluctuated due to daily experiences. Specifically, this study examined (a) whether parents' daily…

English is accepted as a universal language across the world. Its popularity is increasing drastically almost in all sectors. People speak this language, to unify themselves in this diverse world. Overall, the aim of teaching English, as a second language is to encourage the learners to sharpen the skills of communication, for both academic and…

This study aims to analyse the reasoning that children and adults with the same school level use to assess and justify the fairness of games, considering aspects of probability such as randomness, sample space, and comparison of probabilities. Data collection included a Piagetian clinical interview based on games of chance. The results showed that…

We used latent growth curve analysis to extend research on associations between early puberty and adverse peer relations by examining the role of pubertal timing in the developmental trajectories of peer victimization and offending from early- to mid-adolescence. We made use of three-wave longitudinal data collected annually from a cohort of…

This paper considers two studies that address negative affective states and moral reasoning while taking the Defining Issues Tests (DIT, DIT2). Both studies confirmed earlier findings that the DIT dilemma, 'Heinz and the Drug,' and the DIT2 dilemma, 'Famine,' are related to increased anger and sadness and decreased moral reasoning. Similar…

"Critical", "Criticism", and "Critic" all come from the age-old Greek word "Kritikos", meaning able to authorise, discern, or decide. In contemporary English, a "Critic" is someone whose job is to make appraise judgements, for example, about films, books, music, or food. It means giving a fair and…

In this article, I analyze how the concept of youth is used in art education scholarship. I review papers from three art education journals that use youth in their titles and/or abstracts. I analyze how the concept of youth frames, produces, and buttresses arguments about the role of art education in society and the need for particular approaches…

This article focuses on the career cycle and initial motivation of secondary school teachers in Slovenia and is based on the Teacher Career Cycle Model. The aim of the study was to determine whether there are differences in the career stages and motivation in terms of teachers' gender, mode of formal education and length of work experience in…

The friendship experiences of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were explored in this qualitative study. Nine 16- to 18-year old adolescents with ADHD participated in semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using a modified grounded theory framework. They reported chronic peer rejection, loneliness, and…

Bilingual infants from 6- to 24-months of age are more likely to generalize, flexibly reproducing actions on novel objects significantly more often than age-matched monolingual infants are. In the current study, we examine whether the addition of novel verbal labels enhances memory generalization in a perceptually complex imitation task. We…

Children seem to be relatively delayed in their comprehension of the verbal "be"-passive in English, compared to their acquisition of other constructions of object-movement such as "wh"-questions and unaccusatives. Prior work has found that children's performance on these passives can be affected by the verb's lexical…

Developmental research has long sought to understand children's social ideas, and particularly how those ideas influence their judgments and behaviors toward other people. We examine the idea of "common humanity," a social idea that has been investigated historically and philosophically, to re-consider what is already known about…