This note seeks to look back at the development and implementation process of the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET). It takes stock of its main achievements and how they are taken forward in the 2020 Council Recommendation on vocational education and training (VET) for sustainable competitiveness, social fairness…

Our contribution attempts to review basic vocational education programmes in Spain over the past 25 years. We intend to compare the evolution of these programmes in terms of conception and conditions of delivery in order to find out how different they are as skill-formation and remedial systems, as well as analysing how different political views…

One of a series of papers on critical issues in vocational-technical education, this paper examines rural education as it now exists, and some of the diagnostic information available which will assist in identifying some specific needs. Some problems in meeting needs are discussed, and it is noted that data about the students, the adult…

The aim of this article is to contribute to realising the progressive and democratic opportunities that National Qualifications Frameworks (NQFs) can offer. In doing so it will be critical of many of the ways that NQFs have been interpreted to date and the claims that have been made for them. The article has six sections. Section 1 considers some…

One of a series of papers on critical issues in vocational-technical education, this paper discusses problems and possible solutions to the need for special consideration of individual needs as students migrate within and between educational programs. Articulation is required so that students may move from program to program, or from institution…

The aim of this report was to analyze, through a desktop audit, international trends in adult literacy policy and programs. The audit includes an examination of the significant research undertaken, and policy statements made by international institutions such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the…

One of a series of papers on critical issues in vocational-technical education, this paper discusses the need for a bilingual-vocational education program in America emphasizing that oral and written language is not the only or even most important variable in developing a bilingual-vocational education program and that an understanding of the…

Current trends in vocational education indicate continued growth for vocational education in the future. Vocational education seeks to meet the training and education needs of people of all ages. Vocational educators must combat the trend to separate vocational training from public education. (EC)

Recent emphasis on employment for students labeled mentally retarded has presented new challenges for educators in the design and implementation of high school programs. Promising practices for facilitating the achievement of full employment for these students are suggested, and trends that will influence the manner in which services are provided…

Energy education has proliferated at two-year colleges in recent years. Most of the initial barriers to program development, including a shortage of expert advisors and instructors, a scarcity of established curricula and instructional resources, the delay between program conception and implementation, and difficulties in obtaining reliable…

With renewed interest in vocational education being generated through Federal legislation and a program of support funds, current trend is to intensify, enlarge, and improve vocational education programs. (Editor/JS)

Summarizing current developments in nonuniversity higher education (NHE) internationally, this paper provides national composites illustrating the status of programming, delivery, organization, and governance of NHE programs across the globe. First, introductory materials define NHE as education beyond postsecondary or postcompulsory years…

This report contains an overview which traces the technological revolution of the last 50 years and the impact it has had on blue collar workers, especially deaf blue collar workers. The prevocational program is discussed and a vocational program that fits most facilities in schools for the deaf is presented. Desirable vocational teacher…

Action-learning, activities designed to give students the opportunity to acquire and apply knowledge in practical situations and to learn via participation, is a popular concept aimed at restoring relevancy to the public schools. Vocational and occupational curriculum, experience-based academic programs, and various volunteer and career education…