Responses of 218 urban husbands and wives and 202 rural husbands and wives were used to test the hypotheses that these two populations would use different coping strategies to deal with the stressors they faced in their different environments and that women would use different strategies than men. Neither hypothesis was supported. (Author/BL)

Women have been entering into religious leadership positions in larger numbers, although the field is still male-dominated. Stress and strain of both men and women in the field of religion has been experienced from the impact of such change. In this study, Roman Catholic nuns, who have not been seen by their own church as clerical workers or even…

Examined the relationship of gender-role orientation and specific behavioral coping responses of wives (N=82) experiencing a long-term separation from their military spouses. Results showed that an androgynous gender-role orientation was significantly associated with four of the five coping patterns identified as helpful to wives managing a…

Tested hypothesis that given equal amounts of stress, strain is moderated by coping. Male and female university faculty (N=83) at three occupational ranks (assistant, associate, and full professor) completed Occupational Stress Inventory. Found no significant differences between genders or occupational ranks on measures of coping and role…

Burnout and coping were investigated among 503 human service professionals in the United States and Israel. Americans reported feeling more burned out than Israelis; women more than men. Women used indirect and inactive coping strategies more than men and Americans more than Israelis, suggesting active-direct strategies are better defenses against…

Examined research involving over 3,000 adolescents from various cultures to determine problems typical of this developmental phase and ways of coping with normative demands. Found that adolescents' response to problems stemming from different developmental fields such as parents, peers, school, or future involved three main modes of coping: Active…

Coping resources are what people bring to situations (as opposed to what they do) that enable them to deal with stressors more effectively, allow them to recover faster, or experience fewer or less intense symptoms upon exposure to stressors. The Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) measures resources in the following domains: cognitive, social,…

Study examined contribution of individual and family variables to depressive symptoms among youths in a family-centered culture. Participants were 262 Mexican adolescents. At individual level, gender and higher levels of perceived stressfulness of life events and ruminative coping style correlated with higher frequency of depressive symptoms.…

Study examined relationships among self-reported stress, drinking related problems (socio-emotional, community-related), and gender, with three distinct drinking contexts (convivial, intimate, negative coping). Results support the relationship between stress and excessive drinking across all three contexts, but also show stress and self-reported…

Two surveys of university students examined the behavior of diary-keeping. Indications of motives for diary-keeping and the material entered in diaries suggests the behavior is a means of organizing one's life and for expressing thoughts, feelings, and emotions. The organizing characteristic of diary-keeping was often a useful strategy for…

Found that patterns of associations in adolescent coping and adult adaptation over time differ by sex. Coping and adapting to stress by turning to religion or to friends were found to be sex-specific. Convergence between adolescent coping strategies and traditional gender roles predicted good young-adult adaptation. (TM)

This study was conducted to analyze levels and areas of stress of professionals in selected service professions and to establish national norms of stress for these professions. The 60-item Tennessee Stress Scale-R (TSS-R) is a work-related stress inventory for professionals which provides a measure of stress in three areas: stress producers,…

This study compared the stressors experienced by 32 exceptionally gifted students, 46 moderately gifted students, and 56 academically average students. It found that the exceptionally gifted students and moderately gifted girls had more perfectionistic tendencies than the average students. The unique stressors felt by gifted students are…

A study of 107 15- and 17-year olds examined the relationship between adolescents' general coping styles (problem focused, emotion focused, or cognitive) and their perceptions of parental child-rearing practices (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful). Findings were consistent with the view that parents' child-rearing techniques…

Explored the role that gender and ethnicity play in athletes' responses to life events that correlate to depression, anxiety, somatic discomfort, and stress. Neither ethnicity or gender influenced the number of experienced stressful life events. However, Black and male athletes reported significantly higher ratings of aversiveness than did White…