This article reports on professional development in which twenty-four middle- or high-school teachers learned about integration of the Geographic Information System (GIS) in science or social science classes. We analyzed qualitative data obtained from the participants to examine two research questions. 1) What were the most relevant and useful…

Conceptual models have long served as a means for physical geographers to organize their understanding of feedback mechanisms and complex systems. Analytical reasoning provides undergraduate students with an opportunity to develop conceptual models based upon their understanding of surface processes and environmental conditions. This study…

Data-driven inquiry as a science practice and instructional approach can provide a powerful context for project-based learning (PBL). Students engage in data-driven inquiry when they explore a rich data set and observe patterns, ask questions suggested by the data, and pursue answers about underlying phenomena. Krajcik (2015) describes five…