The effects of density and expectation on academic performance and ratings of spatial and social satisfaction were investigated. Grade point averages and satisfaction measures compiled during the academic quarter were significantly negatively affected by exposure to density, demonstrating that density led to both greater dissatisfaction and more…

This study was designed to investigate the effects of certain aspects of the outdoor environment on the spatial perceptions of the occupants of residential settings. Among the findings were data suggesting that a dormitory room is more territorial for females than for males; thus females are more susceptible to crowding effects. (DS)