Examines the effects of unhappy thoughts on mood and corrugator EMG (electromyographic activity) in depressed patients. Its purpose was to obtain evidence relevant to cognitive models of depression and to examine the usefulness of corrugator EMG as an indicator of depressed mood. (Author/RK)

A careful review of methodological principles provides a reasonable framework for beginning to sort out the apparently contradictory studies of the psychological consequences of natural disasters. (Author)

This research attempted to differentiate adolescent poor sleepers from other emotionally disturbed adolescents. (Author/RK)

Investigates whether an increase in anger in response to an attack should be accompanied by an increase in depression, if the opportunity to retaliate against the provoker should reduce both depression and anger, and measures outward hostility of males and females as well as verbal hostility in females. (Author/RK)

This study was undertaken to extend the learned helplessness phenomenon to a clinical population and to test the competing hypotheses of Seligman and Lewinsohn. 96 male hospitalized psychiatric and medical patients were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Results replicate the learned helplessness phenomenon in a group of…

Three studies, testing predictions derived from Seligman's helplessness model of depression and generally supported by earlier research, are reported. The first addressed the finding that depressed individuals evidence a perception of noncontingency, the second tested the prediction that undergraduates in whom helplessness had been induced would…

This experiment tested a theory of schizophrenia which views the central defect as an inadequate integration of perceptual and cognitive processes. (Editor)

Attribution theory holds that perceived arousal may cause a person to draw an inference about his emotions and base his subsequent behavior on that inference. Recent research suggests, however, that this account does not entirely explain the influence of false arousal feedback on simultaneously occurring avoidance behavior. Proposes a behavior…

Aspects of recent behavioral and cognitive theories of depression were evaluated. Social-skill concepts were conceived as involving two component processes, termed "receptive" and "expressive" communication, and the ability of depressed subjects to engage in these behaviors was studied within a nonverbal communication paradigm. (Editor)

Attempts to demonstrate that depressed individuals, as compared with nondepressed, exhibit characteristic patterns of response to feedback that may reflect biases in their evaluations and interpretations of self, situation, and the future. (Author/RK)

Six laboratory experiments on learned helplessness and depression in humans reported by Seligman and his colleagues were critically reviewed. A number of methodological and conceptual problems were discussed. Suggests that it is important for psychologists to scrutinize psychological theories in order to assess their conceptual clarity and…

The effects of recalling past successes on the deficits in learned helplessness and depression were examined and, for learned helplessness, compared with those of real success. Results suggest real success does not have its therapeutic effects by modifying attributions for failure toward external factors. (Editor)

This study was designed to test two sets of hypotheses derived from cognitive-behavioral theories of depression. Discusses the implications of the results for cognitive and behavioral theories of depression. (Editor/RK)

Tests the hypothesis that depressed subjects would exhibit greater psychophysiological arousal than nondepressed subjects following negative feedback but not after positive feedback. (Author/RK)

Hypothesized that biofeedback training for fear-relevant physiological changes might provide a useful therapeutic strategy to influence directly a person's reaction to anxiety-inducing situations. (Author)