This paper examines the role of motivation, anxiety, and self-efficacy beliefs and their interplay with regard to speaking on beginners' Spanish LMOOCs. It answers three research questions: (1) what are learners' motivations and goals for joining these LMOOCs and how do these relate to foreign language speaking anxiety; (2) how do learners'…

During the time of COVID-19, students should study at home and class is conducted fully online. However, classes in higher education are mostly planned for Face-to-Face (F2F) learning. To deal with the situation, educators seek an alternative learning design to be implemented and it is expected to have either comparable or improved learning…

For the forty-first time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Kansas City, Missouri. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains twenty-seven…

The interaction between learners and the instructor in an online learning environment has been shown to contribute to increases in learning through promotion of a cooperative and collaborative environment, which allows students to learn from course materials, the instructor, and each other (Jiang & Ting, 2000; Jung et al., 2002; Kollock, 1998;…