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Wahyudi, Ribut – Changing English: Studies in Culture and Education, 2023
This essay arises out of critical reflections in which I have engaged through my teaching in an Indonesian University. All my students are learning English as a foreign language. They typically struggle with how they are positioned ideologically, especially in relation to the so-called 'native speaker'. My goal as an English educator is to free…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Foreign Countries
Xiaoqiong, Betsy Hu; Xianxing, Jiang – Changing English: Studies in Culture and Education, 2011
This paper attempts to introduce and explain the famous Three Concentric Circles proposed by Kachru, namely, the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle. Based on Kachru's theory, the paper proceeds to discuss four fallacies in EFL and ESL contexts, which are (1) English learners in the Outer and Expanding Circles learn English…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Variation, Linguistic Theory

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